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1. Herbicides
These are used to inhibit the growth of weeds. Herbicides disturb the conducive conditions for reactions that are responsible for the growth of the plant. They can roughly be differentiated as selective and non-selective. Selective herbicides cause less harm to the primary crop but the non-selective herbicides kill weeds along with the crop.
Herbicides consummate their action in different ways such as,
I) Translocation, by which the compound is absorbed by the pores that process air exchange and transported to the roots of the plant, also called basipetal translocation
II) Root uptake, the compound is absorbed by roots and transported to the upper plant body
III) Combination of both
2. Insecticides
These consist of chemicals that attack the nervous system of the pests. Breaking down the nervous system of the pests helps gain a rapid inhibition. Other approaches are also employed to restrict pest growth but those are more selective and take more time to give results. Some of the major insecticide types are:
I) Organophosphorus compounds
II) Methyl carbamates
III) Macrocyclic lactones
IV) Phenylpyrazoles
V) Nereistoxin analogues and neonicotinoids
VI) Diamides
VII) Pyrethroids
VIII) Benzoylureas
IX) Ketoenols
3. Fungicides
These act either by limiting the development of fungi or by eliminating the fungus completely. Except for the inorganic salts, almost all the fungicides currently in market decay in soil in the presence of air. The rate of decay depends on the temperature and weather conditions varying with region. This renders the fungicides to be safe for the environment.
Fungus develop immunity against the fungicides promptly. Therefore, it is necessary to extract these fungicides from different compounds and their region of application should also be changed over time.
I) Triazoles
II) Strobilurins
III) Carboxamides
IV) Fungicides with a ‘multi site action’
V) Specific fungicides with activity against downy mildews
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